Question 1

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells (RBCs) are efficient at transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and organelles, allowing more room for hemoglobin.

Question 2

A patient presents with jaundice. Which of the following best explains the physiological cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of bilirubin in the blood due to impaired liver function.

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining the osmotic balance between blood and interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with type O negative blood is considered a universal donor. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

Their blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, minimizing immune reactions.

Question 5

Which of the following steps in hemostasis involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting (coagulation)

Question 6

A patient with a hematocrit of 25% is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 7

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for combating bacterial infections through phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 8

A patient receives a transfusion of type B blood but is type A. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

The patient's anti-B antibodies will cause agglutination of the donor RBCs.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the bone marrow to increase RBC production when oxygen levels are low.

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Hb} + 4\mathrm{O}_2 \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Hb(O}_2)_4$$

Question 11

A patient with hemophilia is most likely to have a deficiency in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Clotting factors

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why blood doping is banned in sports?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood viscosity, making it harder for the heart to pump blood.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of beta globulins in plasma?

Accepted Answer

They bind to fats and form lipoproteins.

Question 14

A newborn develops hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility. Which scenario is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mother is Rh negative, father is Rh positive, baby is Rh positive.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of iron from destroyed red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

It is returned to the red bone marrow for reuse in new RBCs.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the formation of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → platelet plug formation → conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main difference between granular and agranular leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granular leukocytes contain cytoplasmic vesicles filled with proteins and enzymes.

Question 18

A patient with a bacterial infection is found to have an elevated neutrophil count. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are engulfing bacteria through phagocytosis.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes must be emulsified in phospholipids before use?

Accepted Answer

They are insoluble in water and require emulsification for transport in plasma.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of colony stimulating factors in white blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate of development and release of new white blood cells from the bone marrow and spleen.

Blood: Composition, Function, and Disorders

Study Guide - Practice Questions