Question 1

During cellular respiration, which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 2

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A mutation occurs in the gene encoding DNA ligase. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Joining of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP using the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 5

In glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which process is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following is a coenzyme involved in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Coenzyme A

Question 9

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 11

Which molecule is produced during anaerobic metabolism in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 12

Which step in cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport system

Question 13

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

G3P

Question 15

Which protein structure is stabilized primarily by hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms, forming either an alpha helix or beta sheet?

Accepted Answer

Secondary structure

Question 16

If a cell is in the G0 phase, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The cell is not actively dividing and has exited the cell cycle.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes anabolism?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Elongation → Termination

Question 19

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of repair enzymes. Which cellular process is most likely to be compromised?

Accepted Answer

Correction of DNA mutations during replication

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the concentration gradient is correct?

Accepted Answer

It drives passive transport, allowing molecules to move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Cellular Metabolism, Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Protein Synthesis: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions