Q: Which equation best represents basal metabolic rate (BMR) in terms of energy expenditure?

$$BMR = \text{Energy expended at rest per unit time}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly represents the order of events after a nerve impulse initiates contraction?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine → depolarization of muscle membrane → calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum → actin-myosin cross-bridge formation

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure, volume, and airflow in the lungs during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 4

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 5

A patient with a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele has parents who are both phenotypically normal. What is the most likely genotype of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic contractile unit of muscle, responsible for muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which structure in the digestive system is responsible for most nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 8

Which equation best represents basal metabolic rate (BMR) in terms of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = 	ext{Energy expended at rest per unit time}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why breathing is essential for humans?

Accepted Answer

It provides oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are equally expressed

Question 11

Which process is responsible for generating new combinations of alleles during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 12

A child inherits a genetic disorder that is sex-linked and recessive. Which parent must carry the allele for the disorder if the child is male?

Accepted Answer

Mother

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 14

Which respiratory structure is responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying air before it enters the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 15

Which of the following best describes peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 16

Which equation best represents the probability of a child inheriting a dominant allele from heterozygous parents using a Punnett Square?

Accepted Answer

$$P = 0.75$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why some dominant allele disorders are lethal while some recessive disorders persist in populations?

Accepted Answer

Dominant lethal alleles are expressed in heterozygotes, reducing survival, while recessive alleles can be carried without expression.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes isotonic muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscle changes length while tension remains constant

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how environment can impact phenotypic expression?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can influence gene expression, altering the phenotype.

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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