Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an adult male using the Harris-Benedict equation?

$$\mathrm{BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 \times weight\ (kg)) + (5.003 \times height\ (cm)) - (6.755 \times age\ (years))}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.

Question 2

During a nerve impulse, which ion's influx is primarily responsible for generating an action potential in a motor neuron?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$\mathrm{Na^+})$$

Question 3

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events leading to muscle contraction after a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential → Calcium release → Troponin binding → Cross-bridge formation → Power stroke

Question 4

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities in humans?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 5

Which statement best distinguishes isotonic from isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions change muscle length, while isometric contractions maintain muscle length.

Question 6

Most human body heat is generated by which system, and through what process?

Accepted Answer

Muscular system, through ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction

Question 7

During inhalation, how does the pressure inside the lungs compare to atmospheric pressure, and what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Lung pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure, causing air to flow into the lungs.

Question 8

Which structure of the upper respiratory system is primarily responsible for filtering, warming, and humidifying incoming air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 9

A patient with damage to their intercostal muscles would most likely experience difficulty with which process?

Accepted Answer

Expanding and contracting the rib cage during breathing

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Coordinated muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 11

Why is a large surface area important in the small intestine for digestion?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of nutrient absorption.

Question 12

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive system, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas; secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an adult male using the Harris-Benedict equation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 	imes weight\ (kg)) + (5.003 	imes height\ (cm)) - (6.755 	imes age\ (years))}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best defines a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 15

If a child inherits one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a) for a trait, what is the child's genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype: Aa; Phenotype: dominant trait expressed

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

Question 17

A woman who is a carrier for a sex-linked recessive disorder (X$$^NX$^n) $$and a man who is unaffected (X$$^NY) $$have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of codominance in human genetics?

Accepted Answer

AB blood type, where both A and B alleles are equally expressed

Question 19

Which process during meiosis increases genetic variation by producing new combinations of alleles?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 20

A karyotype is used to:

Accepted Answer

Visualize and count the number of chromosomes in a cell

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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