Q: Which equation best represents the calculation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in humans?

$$\text{BMR} = \text{Energy expended at rest}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly represents the order of events after a nerve impulse initiates the process?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine → depolarization of muscle membrane → calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum → actin-myosin cross-bridge formation

Question 3

Which equation best represents the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs during inhalation, according to Boyle's Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ $$V_1$$ = $$P_2$$ $$V_2$$

Question 4

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic cavity volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 5

A patient with a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele has a child with a person who does not carry the allele. What is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder, assuming the parent is heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcomere?

Accepted Answer

It is the basic contractile unit of muscle, responsible for muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which structure in the digestive system is responsible for most nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why breathing is essential for humans?

Accepted Answer

It provides oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide, a metabolic waste.

Question 9

Which equation best represents the calculation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMR} = 	ext{Energy expended at rest}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation.

Question 11

Which scenario best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower and a white flower produce pink offspring.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the accessory organs in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of enzymes and bile to aid digestion

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of intercostal muscles during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

They contract to elevate the ribs, increasing thoracic cavity volume.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why some recessive disorders remain prevalent in human populations?

Accepted Answer

Carriers (heterozygotes) do not express symptoms and can pass the allele to offspring.

Question 15

Which process is responsible for moving food through the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 16

A child inherits a sex-linked recessive disorder. Which parent must carry the allele for the child to express the disorder if the child is male?

Accepted Answer

Mother

Question 17

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It results in gametes with abnormal numbers of chromosomes.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains how new combinations of alleles can develop during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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