Q: Which equation best represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an adult?

$$\text{BMR} = 10 \times \text{weight (kg)} + 6.25 \times \text{height (cm)} - 5 \times \text{age (years)} + C$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which sequence correctly represents the order of events after a nerve impulse initiates the process?

Accepted Answer

Release of acetylcholine $$ \rightarrow $$ depolarization of muscle membrane $$ \rightarrow $$ calcium release $$ \rightarrow $$ actin-myosin interaction

Question 3

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for generating most of the human body's heat?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscles

Question 4

What is the main function of the sarcomere in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the fundamental unit of contraction

Question 5

Which statement best distinguishes isotonic from isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions change muscle length, while isometric contractions maintain muscle length.

Question 6

During inhalation, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases below atmospheric pressure, allowing air to flow in.

Question 7

Which structure is NOT part of the upper respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Question 8

What is the primary function of the intercostal muscles during breathing?

Accepted Answer

To expand and contract the rib cage, aiding in inhalation and exhalation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the flow of oxygen-rich blood through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins $$ \rightarrow $$ left atrium $$ \rightarrow $$ left ventricle $$ \rightarrow $$ aorta

Question 10

Which digestive organ is responsible for most nutrient absorption due to its large surface area?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Question 11

What is the function of peristalsis in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To propel food through the digestive tract via rhythmic muscle contractions

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) for an adult?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{BMR} = 10 	imes 	ext{weight (kg)} + 6.25 	imes 	ext{height (cm)} - 5 	imes 	ext{age (years)} + C$$

Question 13

Which accessory organ produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 14

A child inherits a recessive genetic disorder. Which genotype must the child have for the disorder to be expressed?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous recessive ($$ aa )$$

Question 15

Which statement best describes the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each parent passes only one allele for each gene to their offspring.

Question 16

In a Punnett Square, what is the expected phenotypic ratio for a cross between two heterozygous parents ($$ Aa  x$$ $$ Aa ) $$for a dominant trait?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A red flower and a white flower produce pink offspring.

Question 18

Which scenario best demonstrates codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with blood type AB expresses both A and B antigens equally.

Question 19

Which event during meiosis can lead to new combinations of alleles?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 20

A person with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) has an extra chromosome due to nondisjunction. Which process failed during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Separation of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids

Human Biology Exam 2 Study Guide: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

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