Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy, physiology, and histology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, physiology studies their function, and histology studies tissues at the microscopic level.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity. Which body cavity and sub-cavity are directly involved?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity; pleural cavity

Question 3

Which plane divides the human body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 4

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter? (Use $$[H^+] = 10$$^{-pH}$$)

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-5}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar, allowing it to dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structural organization in the human body, from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism

Question 7

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They create a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – Monosaccharide

Question 10

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 11

A patient is unable to produce sufficient digestive enzymes. Which organ system is primarily affected, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system; impaired nutrient absorption

Question 12

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration via a protein channel, without energy input

Question 13

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Which membrane lines body cavities that do NOT open to the exterior and secretes a lubricating fluid?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 15

A person with a blood pH of 7.1 is experiencing acidosis. Which of the following best explains the role of buffers in this situation?

Accepted Answer

Buffers absorb excess hydrogen ions to help raise the pH toward normal.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and provides immune defense

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Movement of food through the digestive tract

Question 19

A cell engulfs a bacterium by forming a vesicle around it. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis.

Human Biology: Foundations, Structure, and Function

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