Question 1

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture that is slow to heal. Microscopic examination reveals reduced osteon formation. Which bone cell is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structural unit of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Osteon

Question 4

During embryonic development, the initial 'bones' are primarily composed of which tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 6

Which movement describes turning the palm upward?

Accepted Answer

Supination

Question 7

Which muscle tissue type is involuntary and striated?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 8

In the sliding filament theory, which molecule binds to troponin to allow muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

It depolarizes the muscle fiber membrane, initiating contraction.

Question 10

A motor unit consists of:

Accepted Answer

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 11

Which blood component is responsible for transporting oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Question 12

A person with blood type O negative ($$O^{-}) $$can safely donate blood to which of the following recipients?

Accepted Answer

AB positive ($$AB^{+})$$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for blood clot formation?

Accepted Answer

Prothrombin activator → Prothrombin → Thrombin → Fibrinogen → Fibrin

Question 14

Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 15

During ventricular systole, which valves are open?

Accepted Answer

Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves

Question 16

If a patient has a blood pressure of $$120/80$$ mmHg, what does $$120$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

Systolic pressure

Question 17

Which of the following is a specific defense mechanism of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies by B lymphocytes

Question 18

A person receives a vaccine and develops immunity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificial active immunity

Question 19

Which cell is responsible for killing virus-infected cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell

Question 20

A patient develops hemolytic disease of the newborn. Which scenario is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Mother is $$Rh^{-}$$, fetus is $$Rh^{+}$$, and mother was not given RhoGAM

Human Biology Study Guide: Skeleton, Muscles, Blood, Cardiovascular, and Immune Systems

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards