$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in human tissues?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct movement of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.

Question 2

A patient with emphysema has difficulty exhaling air. Which structural change in the lungs is primarily responsible for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Permanent damage to alveoli resulting in loss of elasticity.

Question 3

Which equation best represents the catabolism of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the stomach does not absorb nutrients?

Accepted Answer

The acidic environment and thick mucus barrier prevent nutrient absorption.

Question 5

A person with cystic fibrosis has abnormally thick mucus in the lungs. Which genetic mechanism is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Inheritance of a recessive allele from each parent.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes are distributed to gametes independently during meiosis.

Question 7

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for strength and elasticity in organs such as tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 8

During muscle contraction, which sequence of events occurs after calcium binds to the myosin?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere shortens, muscle contracts.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It closes the airway temporarily to prevent food from entering the trachea.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with Down syndrome. Which chromosomal abnormality is present?

Accepted Answer

Three copies of chromosome 21.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients and water.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes express both inherited alleles equally.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about water absorption in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Water is absorbed by osmosis in both the small and large intestine.

Question 14

A person with polydactyly has an extra finger or toe. Which inheritance pattern is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele inherited from one parent.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of peristalsis?

Accepted Answer

Propelling food forward through the GI tract by coordinated muscle contractions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of opioid overdose?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory depression followed by respiratory arrest.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the absorption of amino acids in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are absorbed by active transport into intestinal epithelial cells.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP is required for contraction and relaxation of muscle fibers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds many organs and has one nucleus per cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a person with sickle cell disease experiences pain and organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-shaped red blood cells block small blood vessels, reducing oxygen delivery.

Human Biology Study Notes: Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive Systems & Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions