Q: What is the chemical equation for the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

$$\mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Pi} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between linear and cyclic metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

In linear pathways, the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next, while in cyclic pathways, the substrate enters and the cycle repeats with the same basic chemicals.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glucose into water, carbon dioxide, and energy

Question 3

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 4

Which coenzyme is reduced during glycolysis, and what does it become?

Accepted Answer

NAD$$^+ is $$reduced to NADH

Question 5

What is the primary role of coenzymes such as NAD$$^+$$ and FAD in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transport hydrogen ions and electrons during metabolic reactions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl CoA.

Question 7

Which step of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 8

What is the chemical equation for the breakdown of ATP to release energy?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{Pi} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 9

During the preparatory step of cellular respiration, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to a 2-carbon acetyl group, CO$$_2 is $$released, and NAD$$^+ is $$reduced to NADH.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 11

If oxygen is not present in the cell, what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid or ethanol, depending on the organism.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are crucial for metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions to proceed.

Question 13

How many NADH molecules are produced per glucose molecule during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a product of the preparatory step in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 15

A patient is unable to produce NAD$$^+. $$Which stage of cellular respiration would be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced directly by transferring a phosphate group to ADP from a substrate molecule.

Question 17

Which molecule acts as the immediate energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the preparatory step is correct?

Accepted Answer

It converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA, producing NADH and CO$$_2.$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a waste product of the preparatory step in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cells can use proteins and fats as energy sources when glucose is unavailable?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and fats can be converted into intermediates that enter metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.

Metabolic Pathways and Cellular Respiration: Energy Production in Human Cells

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards