Question 1

During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell, requiring energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the outcome of mitosis in human somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Two diploid cells, each identical to the parent cell

Question 3

A mutation causes a cell to bypass the G1 checkpoint. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may proceed to division with damaged DNA, increasing cancer risk

Question 4

Which event is unique to Prophase I of meiosis and contributes to genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

If a cell starts meiosis with a diploid number of chromosomes ($$2n = 46$$), how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why eggs in females are larger than sperm in males after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Eggs receive more cytoplasm during division, while sperm divide equally

Question 7

A patient is exposed to ionizing radiation, which disrupts cell cycle checkpoints. What is the most likely cellular outcome?

Accepted Answer

Cells may divide uncontrollably, increasing risk of malignancy

Question 8

Which checkpoint ensures that DNA has been properly replicated before mitosis begins?

Accepted Answer

End of G2

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane re-form and chromosomes revert to chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Telophase

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the production of red blood cells at a rate of 2 million per second in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 11

A fertilized egg (zygote) contains how many chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 12

Which of the following environmental factors is most likely to cause fetal alcohol syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy

Question 13

Which statement best describes the genetic outcome of meiosis compared to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces genetically unique haploid cells; mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Recombination of parental genes, increasing genetic diversity

Question 15

A cell undergoes abnormal division due to a mutation caused by a carcinogen. Which treatment is most likely to stop the division of these malignant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the secondary oocyte in females does not complete meiosis II until fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis II is triggered by the union of sperm and egg nuclei

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes

Question 19

Which process allows cells to become different from their parent or sister cells due to gene expression influenced by environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Question 20

During cytokinesis, what structure forms to pinch the cell into two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Contractile ring of protein filaments

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Cell Differentiation: Processes, Regulation, and Implications

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