Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

$$\text{Glucose} + 2\ \text{ADP} + 2\ \text{Pi} + 2\ \text{NAD}^+ \rightarrow 2\ \text{Pyruvate} + 2\ \text{ATP} + 2\ \text{NADH} + 2\ \text{H}_2\text{O}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come only from preexisting cells.

Question 2

Which structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

A muscle cell contains a large number of mitochondria. This structural feature is most directly related to which function?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for muscle contraction

Question 4

Why do cells remain small rather than growing very large?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a high surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake and waste removal

Question 5

Which microscope would you use to view the three-dimensional surface of a cell at very high magnification?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for refining, packaging, and shipping proteins within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, both against their concentration gradients.

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} + 2\ 	ext{ADP} + 2\ 	ext{Pi} + 2\ 	ext{NAD}^+ ightarrow 2\ 	ext{Pyruvate} + 2\ 	ext{ATP} + 2\ 	ext{NADH} + 2\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O}$$

Question 10

During cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$	ext{O}_2)$$

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

A cell is actively importing glucose against its concentration gradient. Which process is most likely being used?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy when broken down.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface and synthesizes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 16

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue and a burning sensation after intense exercise. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic glycolysis leading to lactic acid buildup

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a muscle cell via a specific transporter protein

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It uses the flow of protons down their gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6\ 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ 	ext{CO}_2 + 6\ 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36\ 	ext{ATP}$$

Structure and Function of Cells: Human Biology Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards