Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis in the global carbon cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while cellular respiration returns it.

Question 2

Which of the following equations correctly summarizes aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 3

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced, and where does this occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 4

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder that impairs the function of ATP synthase. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The production of ATP via chemiosmosis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis is considered one of the most ancient metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

It does not require oxygen and occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about fermentation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ in the absence of oxygen.

Question 8

In the context of redox reactions, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during redox reactions.

Question 10

A muscle cell is deprived of oxygen. Which process will allow it to continue producing ATP, and what is the likely end product?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation; lactic acid

Question 11

Which of the following statements about brown fat is correct?

Accepted Answer

Brown fat generates heat by allowing protons to flow back into the mitochondrial matrix without producing ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugar.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct comparison between C3, C4, and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

C4 and CAM plants have adaptations to minimize water loss and photorespiration, unlike C3 plants.

Question 16

Which experiment provided evidence that the oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from water and not carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Using isotopically labeled $$\mathrm{H_2$^{18}O}$$ and finding that $$\mathrm{O_2$}$$ released contained $$^{18}O$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the electron transport chain in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane, driving ATP synthesis.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on plant physiology?

Accepted Answer

It can increase the rate of photosynthesis in some plants.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is caused by greenhouse gases trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.

Question 20

A person is on a low-carbohydrate diet but still needs to produce ATP. Which metabolic pathway allows the body to use fats and proteins for energy?

Accepted Answer

Fats and proteins are converted into intermediates that enter glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guidance for Biology 1408 Review: Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions