Question 1

Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 2

A local wetland releases 37 g of $$CH_4$$ per $$m^2$$ per year. How many grams of carbon are released per $$m^2$$ per year? (Molar mass of $$CH_4 = 16.04$ g/mol, C = 12.01 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

27.7 g

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

What is the ground state electron configuration for chlorine (atomic number 17)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^6$$\ $$3s^2$$\ $$3p^5$$

Question 5

Which type of radioactive decay results in a neutron turning into a proton and the emission of an electron?

Accepted Answer

Beta decay

Question 6

If an atom has 14 protons, 14 neutrons, and 14 electrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

28

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the quantum model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons exist in regions of high probability called orbitals.

Question 8

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the p orbitals in a single energy level?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 9

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioactive isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Determining the age of ancient artifacts using carbon-14 dating

Question 10

A soil particle attracts $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions. What is the likely charge on the soil particle?

Accepted Answer

Negative

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why different elements produce different colors in a flame test?

Accepted Answer

Each element has a unique electron configuration, leading to unique energy transitions.

Question 12

What is the nuclear symbol for an oxygen isotope with 8 protons and 10 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

$$^{18}_{8}O$$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about radioactive decay is correct?

Accepted Answer

Beta decay converts a neutron into a proton.

Question 14

How many moles of hydrogen are in three moles of water ($$H_2O$$)?

Accepted Answer

6 moles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a photon?

Accepted Answer

A quantum of energy released when an electron transitions to a lower energy level

Question 16

What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms to decay

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for nitrogen (atomic number 7)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^3$$

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the arrangement of electrons in atoms according to the quantum model?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are found in orbitals, which are regions of high probability.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the atomic mass of carbon is not exactly 12?

Accepted Answer

Because carbon exists as a mixture of isotopes with different mass numbers.

Question 20

What happens when an electron in an atom absorbs energy from a flame?

Accepted Answer

It is promoted to a higher energy state (excited state).

Atomic Structure: Radioactivity & Electron Orbitals – Study Notes

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