Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the law of conservation of mass as it applies to a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.

Question 2

A sample of ammonia (NH$$_3) $$contains 10.0 grams of hydrogen. Given the mass ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen in ammonia is 4.7:1, how many grams of nitrogen are present?

Accepted Answer

$$47.0$$ grams

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the difference between the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions?

Accepted Answer

The law of definite proportions applies to two or more samples of the same compound, while the law of multiple proportions applies to two different compounds containing the same two elements.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical properties of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 5

An isotope of argon has a mass number of 40 and an atomic number of 18. How many neutrons does it contain?

Accepted Answer

$$22$$

Question 6

Which element contains 50 protons in its nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Tin

Question 7

A neutral atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11. How many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$11$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of metals?

Accepted Answer

Malleable and ductile

Question 9

Which group in the periodic table contains the noble gases?

Accepted Answer

Group 8A

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a cation?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has lost electrons

Question 11

A main-group element in group 2A is most likely to form which type of ion?

Accepted Answer

$$+2$$ cation

Question 12

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 13

Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine if it consists of 75.77% chlorine-35 (mass = 34.97 amu) and 24.23% chlorine-37 (mass = 36.97 amu).

Accepted Answer

$$35.45$$ amu

Question 14

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 15

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with neon (Ne)?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+$$

Question 16

A sample of water contains 0.125 g hydrogen to every 1.00 g oxygen. A sample of hydrogen peroxide contains 0.0625 g hydrogen to every 1.00 g oxygen. Show these results are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

Accepted Answer

The ratio of hydrogen in water to hydrogen in hydrogen peroxide is $$\frac{0.125}{0.0625} = 2$$, a small whole number.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the periodic law?

Accepted Answer

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically.

Question 18

Which of the following terms best applies to lead (Pb)?

Accepted Answer

Main-group element; metal

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a property of nonmetals?

Accepted Answer

Malleable and ductile

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the structure of the atom is correct?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, and electrons are found outside the nucleus.

Atoms and Elements: Foundations of Modern Chemistry

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