Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes an organic compound from an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, whereas inorganic compounds generally do not.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer and polymer forms?

Accepted Answer

Protein: Monomer is amino acid, polymer is polypeptide.

Question 3

Which process is responsible for joining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide, and what is released during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; water is released.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the folding of proteins, resulting in loss of function. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected by improper folding?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins are structural and insoluble in water, while globular proteins are functional and soluble in water.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 8

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 9

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the main energy currency for cellular processes

Question 10

Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase

Question 11

Which of the following best describes hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids: Store and transmit genetic information

Question 13

A mutation causes a protein to lose its quaternary structure but retain its tertiary structure. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The protein will lose functions that require multiple polypeptide chains working together.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the main structure of cell membranes

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in ATP reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthase catalyzes the endergonic formation of ATP, while ATPase catalyzes the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of protein structure from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy for long-term use

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the three types of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome, and rRNA forms the core of the ribosome.

Question 20

A scientist is studying a molecule with the following structure: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This molecule is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Biochemistry Fundamentals: Organic Compounds, Macromolecules, and Biological Molecules

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