Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental characteristics shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Contain mitochondria for energy production

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with a circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell, allowing certain substances to enter or exit?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Compartmentalization by organelles increases efficiency and overcomes diffusion limitations

Question 5

A protein is synthesized by a ribosome attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which sequence correctly describes its path to secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER $$\rightarrow$$ Golgi apparatus $$\rightarrow$$ vesicle $$\rightarrow$$ plasma membrane

Question 6

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain circular DNA and 70s ribosomes

Question 7

A mutation prevents the addition of oligosaccharides to proteins in a cell. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation in the ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances such as ethanol and hydrogen peroxide in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 9

During vigorous exercise, muscle cells require large amounts of ATP. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in these cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, enables movement, and organizes organelles

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal element is directly involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

A protein destined for the nucleus contains a specific sequence of amino acids. What is this sequence called, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear localization signal; directs protein import into the nucleus

Question 14

Which process allows a cell to take in large particles, such as bacteria, by engulfing them with its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 16

A cell is unable to recycle damaged organelles and macromolecules. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella are considered structurally different?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial flagella are made of flagellin and are helical rods, while eukaryotic flagella have a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and modifying proteins for transport

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

The recycling of damaged organelles within the cell

Question 20

A mutation in a cell prevents the formation of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins to their final destinations

Chapter 7: Inside the Cell – Cell Structure and Function

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