Question 1

Which of the following best describes what happens when sodium chloride ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) dissolves in water?

Accepted Answer

It completely dissociates into $\mathrm{Na^+}$ and $\mathrm{Cl^-}$ ions, conducting electricity.

Question 2

A student tests four solutions with a light bulb apparatus. Only one solution causes the bulb to glow brightly. Which solution is most likely a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

A solution of $\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}$

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the dissociation of acetic acid ($\mathrm{HC_2H_3O_2}$) in water, a weak electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{HC_2H_3O_2}(l) \xrightarrow{H_2O} H^+(aq) + C_2H_3O_2^-(aq)$

Question 4

Which of the following substances is a nonelectrolyte when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CH_3OH}$ (methanol)

Question 5

A solution of $\mathrm{HF}$ (hydrofluoric acid) in water conducts electricity weakly. What does this indicate about $\mathrm{HF}$?

Accepted Answer

It is a weak electrolyte and partially dissociates.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why a solution of sucrose ($\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$) does not conduct electricity?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose molecules dissolve but do not dissociate into ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct classification for $\mathrm{MgCl_2}$ in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Strong electrolyte

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing $\mathrm{KCl}$. Why is $\mathrm{KCl}$ considered a strong electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

It completely dissociates into $\mathrm{K^+}$ and $\mathrm{Cl^-}$ ions, conducting electricity.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the particles present in a solution of a weak electrolyte?

Accepted Answer

Mostly molecules and a few ions

Question 10

Which of the following equations represents the dissociation of sodium sulfate ($\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}$) in water?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{Na_2SO_4}(s) \xrightarrow{H_2O} 2Na^+(aq) + SO_4^{2-}(aq)$

Question 11

A chemistry student dissolves $\mathrm{CH_3OH}$ (methanol) in water and observes that the solution does not conduct electricity. What is the best explanation?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{CH_3OH}$ is a nonelectrolyte.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life application of strong electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Using table salt ($\mathrm{NaCl}$) to melt ice on roads, as it dissociates into ions that lower the freezing point.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding nonelectrolytes?

Accepted Answer

They dissolve as molecules and do not conduct electricity.

Question 14

A solution of $\mathrm{HNO_3}$ (nitric acid) in water conducts electricity very well. What does this indicate about $\mathrm{HNO_3}$?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong electrolyte.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between strong and weak electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate.

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to be found in a solution of $\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$ (sucrose) dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Only $\mathrm{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}$ molecules

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a solution of $\mathrm{HC_2H_3O_2}$ (acetic acid) conducts electricity weakly?

Accepted Answer

It partially dissociates, producing mostly molecules and a few ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct classification for $\mathrm{HCl}$ in aqueous solution?

Accepted Answer

Strong electrolyte

Question 19

A chemistry experiment requires a solution that does not conduct electricity. Which of the following substances should be used as the solute?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_2H_5OH}$ (ethanol)

Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes in Aqueous Solutions

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