Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from exposure to an antigen and the subsequent production of memory cells, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies produced by another organism.

Question 2

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most abundant in the secondary immune response and can cross the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

What is the role of the epitope in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is the part of the antigen recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies or T cell receptors.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why proteins are generally more antigenic than lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are larger and more complex, providing more unique epitopes for immune recognition.

Question 6

A patient receives an injection of immune serum (gamma globulin) after exposure to hepatitis A. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells (TH cells)?

Accepted Answer

Coordinate both cellular and humoral immunity by secreting interleukins that stimulate other immune cells

Question 8

What is the significance of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen, often preventing noticeable illness.

Question 9

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the primary immune response and is found as a pentamer in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 10

A person with Type I diabetes mellitus has an autoimmune disease. What is the underlying problem in autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

The immune system attacks self-antigens, perceiving them as foreign.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen-presenting cells engulf pathogens, degrade them, and display fragments on their surface with MHC proteins.

Question 12

Which immune cell type is primarily targeted and destroyed by HIV, leading to AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells (CD4)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a cytotoxic T cell?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of antigen-MHC I complex, costimulation, clonal selection, attack

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a person does not get sick upon second exposure to the same pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells allow for a rapid and robust production of IgG antibodies, neutralizing the pathogen before illness occurs.

Question 15

Which antibody class is most associated with allergic reactions and the release of histamine from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 16

A patient experiences anaphylactic shock after exposure to peanuts. Which physiological response is most likely responsible for the life-threatening symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiole constriction and widespread vasodilation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an 'ID tag' on cells, presenting antigen fragments to T cells for recognition.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains, including two heavy and two light chains, with variable and constant regions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible explanation for the development of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactivity of antibodies to self-antigens or changes in the structure of self-antigens due to viruses or drugs

Adaptive Immunity: Structure, Function, and Disorders

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard