$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{transcription} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{translation} \rightarrow \text{Protein/Polypeptide}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in a generalized cell?

Accepted Answer

They generate the main energy source of the cell, ATP, through cellular respiration.

Question 2

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for movement in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 3

A patient is experiencing difficulty with nerve signal transmission. Which type of cell junction is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate compound

Question 5

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is such an efficient cooling system for the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat of vaporization.

Question 7

A solution contains $$0.9\%$$ NaCl and is isotonic to human cells. If a cell is placed in a $$2\%$$ NaCl solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink due to water leaving the cell (crenation).

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Movement

Question 9

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for amplifying a physiological change rather than reversing it?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses membrane receptors to selectively take in specific molecules.

Question 11

Which type of bond is responsible for the surface tension in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the general flow of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{transcription} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{translation} ightarrow 	ext{Protein/Polypeptide}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Particles settle out over time

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which buffer system is most important in maintaining blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffer system

Question 15

Which of the following membrane transport processes requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which serous membrane covers the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

Prevent leakage of extracellular fluid

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Builds complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy

Question 19

Which of the following is the most abundant membrane lipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 20

A scientist is studying the movement of water across a cell membrane. Which term best describes this process?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1: Foundations and Cellular Structure

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