Question 1

Which of the following structures is found only in the left lung and not in the right lung?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac notch

Question 2

A patient is having difficulty exhaling air from their lungs. Which type of lung disease is most likely present, and which spirometry value would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive lung disease; Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second ($$FEV_1)$$

Question 3

Which histological feature of the trachea is responsible for trapping and moving particles out of the airway?

Accepted Answer

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 4

During inspiration, which law explains the relationship between the increase in thoracic volume and the decrease in intrapulmonary pressure?

Accepted Answer

Boyle’s Law: $$P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of Type II alveolar cells?

Accepted Answer

They secrete surfactant to reduce surface tension in the alveoli.

Question 6

A person inhales deeply and then exhales as much air as possible as quickly as possible. Which spirometry value is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Forced Vital Capacity ($$FVC)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct order of airflow through the bronchial tree, starting from the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Primary bronchi → Secondary bronchi → Tertiary bronchi

Question 8

Which structure marks the split of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi?

Accepted Answer

Carina

Question 9

A patient with a blocked inferior meatus in the nasal cavity would most likely experience difficulty with which function?

Accepted Answer

Draining mucus from the nasal cavity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the hilum of the lung?

Accepted Answer

It is the area where the bronchus, pulmonary arteries and veins, and nerves enter and exit the lung.

Question 11

Which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic volume during quiet inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating Expiratory Reserve Volume ($$ERV) $$using spirometry data?

Accepted Answer

$$ERV = VC - TV - IRV$$

Question 13

A histological slide of the trachea shows a layer with cilia and goblet cells. What is the primary function of this layer?

Accepted Answer

Trapping and moving debris out of the airway

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the mediastinum is correct?

Accepted Answer

It separates the right and left pleural cavities.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of alveolar macrophages (dust cells)?

Accepted Answer

They remove debris and pathogens from the alveoli.

Question 16

A patient with restrictive lung disease would most likely show a decrease in which of the following spirometry values?

Accepted Answer

Vital Capacity ($$VC)$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings?

Accepted Answer

To allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct definition of Vital Capacity ($$VC$$)?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation

Question 20

Which of the following structures is responsible for separating the nasal cavity into right and left halves?

Accepted Answer

Nasal septum

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: The Respiratory System

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard