Question 1

Which of the following best describes the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eye, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

It causes contraction of the circular muscle, resulting in pupillary constriction.

Question 2

Sympathetic stimulation of the eye leads to which of the following physiological responses?

Accepted Answer

Contraction of the radial muscle and pupillary dilation

Question 3

Which structure in the ear is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals for the brain to interpret as sound?

Accepted Answer

Hair cells in the organ of Corti

Question 4

During the process of hearing, what is the correct sequence of structures that sound waves pass through from the external ear to the cochlea?

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window → cochlea

Question 5

Which of the following best matches the definition: 'Plasma membrane of muscle fiber'?

Accepted Answer

Sarcolemma

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct definition of a 'triad' in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A T tubule and two lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Calcium binds to troponin → tropomyosin moves → myosin binds to actin → power stroke

Question 8

Which region of the sarcomere shortens during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

I band

Question 9

Which of the following muscle types is characterized by involuntary control, presence of striations, and gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 10

In the cardiac action potential graph, what is primarily responsible for the plateau phase (labeled 2)?

Accepted Answer

Influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of blood through the heart as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 12

Which of the following is the main source of calcium for contraction in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which regulatory protein binds calcium to initiate muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Troponin

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the neural input to cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

It is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the DHP receptor in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a voltage sensor in the T-tubule membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is a unique property of single-unit smooth muscle compared to multi-unit smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions between cells

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcolemma in muscle physiology?

Accepted Answer

It is the plasma membrane of the muscle fiber, transmitting action potentials.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct definition of the 'motor unit'?

Accepted Answer

A somatic motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct match for the region that contains both thick and thin filaments and stays the same length during contraction?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct definition of the 'end-plate potential (EPP)'?

Accepted Answer

A graded potential that excites skeletal muscle cells

Autonomic Regulation of the Eye, Auditory System, Muscle Physiology, and Cardiac Function

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