Question 1

Which of the following best describes the pathway of lymph flow from the capillary bed back to the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic capillaries $$\rightarrow$$ lymphatic trunks $$\rightarrow$$ lymphatic ducts $$\rightarrow$$ subclavian vein

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to blocked lymphatic vessels. Which function of the lymphatic system is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular assistance in returning interstitial fluid to the blood

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex and is primarily responsible for increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 4

During swallowing, which anatomical structure prevents food from entering the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Epiglottis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the effect of increased alveolar surface area on gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of gas exchange by providing more area for diffusion.

Question 6

A patient with diabetes mellitus is experiencing excessive urination and thirst. Which process in the nephron is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Tubular reabsorption of glucose

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and increases water reabsorption in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

If the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increases, what is the expected effect on renal plasma clearance of a substance that is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted?

Accepted Answer

Renal plasma clearance will increase.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the surface tension of alveolar fluid, preventing alveolar collapse.

Question 10

A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism will the respiratory system employ?

Accepted Answer

Increase respiratory rate to expel CO$$_2$$

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The conducting portion moves air to the sites of gas exchange, while the respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the lymph nodes?

Accepted Answer

Filtration of lymph and activation of immune responses

Question 15

A patient has a tumor blocking the thoracic duct. Which part of the body will most likely experience impaired lymph drainage?

Accepted Answer

Left lower limb

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on urine concentration?

Accepted Answer

ADH increases water reabsorption, resulting in concentrated urine.

Question 17

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Renal pelvis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone on potassium and sodium levels in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It releases hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 20

A patient is unable to produce surfactant in the lungs. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar collapse due to increased surface tension

BIOL 2202 Exam 2 Study Guide: Lymphatic, Endocrine, Respiratory, and Urinary Systems

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