Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Question 2

A patient has a haematocrit value of 32%. Based on the normal ranges, which of the following is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The patient may be suffering from anemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

If a person has a total blood volume of 5 liters and blood makes up 8% of their body weight, what is their approximate body weight in kilograms? Use the formula $$	ext{Body weight} = \frac{	ext{Blood volume}}{	ext{Percentage as decimal}}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$62.5\ 	ext{kg}$$

Question 5

Which of the following blood cell types is most abundant in a normal blood smear?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes

Question 6

A patient presents with a deficiency in vitamin B12. Which of the following blood disorders is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 7

Which of the following ions is present in the highest concentration in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 8

Which blood cell type is responsible for the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 9

A blood sample contains 5 million erythrocytes per microliter, 8,000 leukocytes per microliter, and 300,000 platelets per microliter. Which cell type is most likely to be affected in a patient with sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes

Question 10

Which of the following statements about erythrocytes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are biconcave in shape and lack organelles

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the formation of a secondary haemostatic plug?

Accepted Answer

Platelet adhesion → degranulation → conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 12

Which of the following blood cell types is primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 13

A patient with a deficiency in thrombocytes would most likely experience problems with which physiological process?

Accepted Answer

Haemostasis

Question 14

Which of the following is a major function of monocytes after they leave the blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation into macrophages for phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of neutrophils in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

They are the first responders and perform phagocytosis

Question 16

If a blood sample contains 0.16 g/l of potassium ($$K^+) $$and 3.27 g/l of sodium ($$Na^+$$), what is the ratio of sodium to potassium concentration in plasma? Use the formula $$	ext{Ratio} = \frac{[Na^+]}{[K^+]}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$20.44$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about haematopoiesis is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It involves differentiation from a common pluripotent stem cell

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between plasma and serum?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not

Question 19

Which of the following blood cell types is most likely to increase in number during a parasitic infection?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of abundance for the major types of leukocytes in normal human blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils \u003e Lymphocytes \u003e Monocytes

Blood and the Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Cellular Components

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