Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

$$\text{Hematocrit} = \frac{\text{Volume of erythrocytes}}{\text{Total blood volume}} \times 100$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs

Question 2

A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and a low hematocrit value. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Anemia

Question 3

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia and stimulates erythrocyte production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 4

A blood sample is centrifuged. Which layer contains the majority of leukocytes and platelets?

Accepted Answer

Buffy coat

Question 5

A patient with type B negative (B–) blood requires a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can safely be given?

Accepted Answer

Type O–

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 7

Which plasma protein is most abundant and contributes significantly to plasma osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 8

A patient with a genetic mutation resulting in hemoglobin S experiences pain and poor oxygen delivery during exercise. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why type O blood is considered the universal donor?

Accepted Answer

It lacks both A and B antigens

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

Defending the body against infection

Question 11

A patient with a platelet count of 40,000/μl and widespread petechiae is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin K in blood coagulation?

Accepted Answer

It is necessary for the synthesis of several clotting factors

Question 13

A patient with chronic liver disease is at risk for bleeding disorders primarily because:

Accepted Answer

The liver cannot synthesize adequate clotting factors

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of hematocrit?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hematocrit} = \frac{	ext{Volume of erythrocytes}}{	ext{Total blood volume}} 	imes 100$$

Question 15

A patient with type AB+ blood is considered a universal recipient because:

Accepted Answer

They lack anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dissolution of a blood clot by plasmin

Question 17

A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis is prescribed warfarin. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors

Question 18

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

Rh– mother with Rh+ fetus during second pregnancy

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why dehydration can increase the risk of blood clot formation in athletes abusing EPO?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration concentrates erythrocytes, increasing blood viscosity

Question 20

A patient is found to have microcytic, hypochromic erythrocytes. Which dietary deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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