Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They maintain calcium homeostasis by resorbing bone matrix.

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture at the distal end of the radius after falling on an outstretched hand. Which type of fracture is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Colles’ fracture

Question 3

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity and increasing intestinal absorption of calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

Which of the following bones is classified as a flat bone?

Accepted Answer

Scapula

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the fate of the hyaline cartilage model?

Accepted Answer

It is gradually replaced by bone tissue.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels reduce osteoblast activity.

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for connecting the blood vessels of osteons to each other and to the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Volkmann’s (perforating) canal

Question 8

A child suffers a fracture that disrupts the epiphyseal plate. What is the most likely long-term consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired longitudinal growth of the affected bone

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the composition of the bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

1/3 collagen fibers and 2/3 calcium salts

Question 10

Which process is primarily responsible for the formation of the clavicle during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Intramembranous ossification

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease has impaired production of calcitriol. What is the most likely effect on their skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Impaired bone growth and maintenance due to decreased calcium absorption

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 13

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for synthesizing new bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense with few pores, while spongy bone has many spaces and contains trabeculae.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why exercise is important for bone health?

Accepted Answer

Exercise stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone density.

Question 16

A patient has a blood calcium level of 12 mg/dL (normal: 8.5–11 mg/dL). Which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Decreased osteoclast activity and increased calcium excretion by the kidneys

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of a greenstick fracture?

Accepted Answer

Bone is bent and partially broken, common in children

Question 18

Which of the following best describes appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows in diameter by adding new layers to the outer surface

Question 19

Which of the following bones is most likely to be affected by osteoporosis, leading to increased risk of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Epiphysis of long bones

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Forms red blood cells and supplies nutrients to osteocytes

Bones & Bone Structure: Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide

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