Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 2

A patient presents with a fracture in the vertebrae. Based on bone classification, which type of bone is affected?

Accepted Answer

Irregular bone

Question 3

Which bone cell type is responsible for breaking down bone matrix and releasing stored minerals?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 4

What is the main difference between compact bone and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone contains osteons; spongy bone contains trabeculae.

Question 5

During endochondral ossification, what is the first major event?

Accepted Answer

Enlargement and death of chondrocytes in the cartilage model

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A 60-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following best explains her increased risk?

Accepted Answer

Decreased sex hormone levels leading to increased osteoclast activity

Question 8

Which of the following vitamins is essential for collagen synthesis in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 9

A child’s x-ray shows a visible epiphyseal plate. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The bone is still growing in length.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

It is a balance between osteoclast-mediated resorption and osteoblast-mediated deposition.

Question 11

A patient with a greenstick fracture is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A child, due to the flexibility of their bones

Question 12

Which of the following bone markings is a rounded passageway for blood vessels or nerves?

Accepted Answer

Foramen

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2 + Ca(OH)_2$$ \rightarrow Ca_{10}($$PO_4)_6(OH)_2$

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer.

Question 15

Which type of bone growth increases the diameter of a long bone?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 16

A patient has a blood calcium level of 7.5 mg/dL (normal: 8.5–11 mg/dL). Which physiological response is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of red bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Production of blood cells

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of osteocytes?

Accepted Answer

They maintain the bone matrix and reside in lacunae.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the steps in fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Fracture hematoma formation → Callus formation → Spongy bone formation → Compact bone formation

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why weight-bearing exercise is recommended for bone health?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblast activity, increasing bone deposition.

Bones and Bone Structure: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

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