Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 2

Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption, and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; releasing protons and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix

Question 3

During endochondral ossification, what is the sequence of events leading to the formation of the medullary cavity?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts form bone collar → chondrocytes hypertrophy → blood vessels invade → osteoclasts remove calcified cartilage

Question 4

Which equation best represents the mineral component of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Ca}_{10}(\mathrm{PO}_4)_6(\mathrm{OH})_2$$

Question 5

A patient with a pituitary tumor that reduces growth hormone secretion during childhood would most likely exhibit which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Short stature due to reduced chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They sense mechanical strain and communicate with other bone cells via canaliculi.

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates osteoblasts to deposit bone

Question 8

A 12-year-old boy fractures his femur. Which process will primarily repair the bone at the fracture site?

Accepted Answer

Both intramembranous and endochondral ossification

Question 9

Which of the following best explains Wolff’s Law?

Accepted Answer

Bone adapts its structure in response to the amount of mechanical strain placed on it.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about red and yellow bone marrow is correct?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is highly vascularized and is the site of hematopoiesis.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of appositional growth in bones?

Accepted Answer

Bone grows in width by adding new tissue between the periosteum and existing bone.

Question 12

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is likely to experience which of the following effects on bone?

Accepted Answer

Decreased calcium absorption leading to weaker bones

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteons with concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the fate of chondrocytes during endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

They hypertrophy, die, and their matrix calcifies.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → callus formation → ossification → bone remodeling

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why astronauts experience bone loss during extended space missions?

Accepted Answer

Reduced mechanical strain leads to decreased bone deposition according to Wolff’s Law.

Question 17

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of cancellous (spongy) bone compared to compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Network of trabeculae with marrow spaces

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone?

Accepted Answer

It covers the outer surface of bone and contains osteogenic cells for growth and repair.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osteocytes sense strain and signal for remodeling, which involves both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Bones and Osseous Tissue: Structure, Function, and Development

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