Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution containing 0.5% NaCl. The cell begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which term best describes the solution and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and attached sugars

Question 4

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and forming the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 6

A patient is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the function of ribosomes. Which cellular process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 8

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion and is found lining the alveoli of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 9

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix and functions in transport and immunity?

Accepted Answer

Blood

Question 10

A muscle cell is observed to have striations, multiple nuclei, and is under voluntary control. Which type of muscle tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 11

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digest worn-out organelles and foreign substances

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of proteins

Question 14

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing a rigid structure for the cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate the movement of water across the membrane

Question 17

Which of the following cell junctions is most important for preventing leakage between epithelial cells in the lining of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and protect neurons

Question 19

A cell is observed to engulf a bacterium by wrapping its plasma membrane around it and forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mature cartilage heals slowly after injury?

Accepted Answer

It is avascular and lacks a direct blood supply

Cells and Tissues: Structure and Function in Anatomy & Physiology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard