$$V_E = \text{tidal volume} \times \text{respiratory rate}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of surfactant in the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

It reduces surface tension, preventing alveolar collapse after exhalation.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect causing thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory tract is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

During quiet breathing, which muscles are primarily responsible for inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 4

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the volume of the thoracic cavity increases?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation for respiratory minute volume ($$V_E$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$V_E = 	ext{tidal volume} 	imes 	ext{respiratory rate}$$

Question 6

A person is exposed to carbon monoxide (CO). What is the primary danger of CO exposure in terms of hemoglobin function?

Accepted Answer

CO binds to the iron in hemoglobin with greater affinity than O2, reducing oxygen transport.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why breathing through the mouth can lead to drier, cooler air reaching the lungs compared to nasal breathing?

Accepted Answer

The nasal cavity warms and humidifies air due to its vascularized lamina propria and mucus.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve is correct?

Accepted Answer

An increase in temperature shifts the curve to the right, promoting oxygen release to tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct sequence of airflow through the respiratory tract, starting from the external environment?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli

Question 10

A patient with a pulmonary embolism is at risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood flow to a portion of the lung, potentially leading to alveolar collapse

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in pH causes hemoglobin to release more oxygen to tissues.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Producing surfactant to reduce surface tension in alveoli

Question 13

Which of the following statements about gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the right lung is shorter and wider than the left lung?

Accepted Answer

The right lung is displaced upward by the liver.

Question 15

A person is experiencing an asthma attack. Which of the following is occurring in their airways?

Accepted Answer

Severe bronchoconstriction due to excessive stimulation of airway smooth muscle

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating alveolar ventilation ($$V_A$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$V_A = (	ext{tidal volume} - 	ext{anatomic dead space}) 	imes 	ext{respiratory rate}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

It covers the glottis to prevent food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of stimulation of the pneumotaxic center in the pons?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of the apneustic center, leading to passive or active exhalation

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Converted to bicarbonate ions in red blood cells

Question 20

A patient with a collapsed lung due to air entering the pleural cavity is suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Chapter 23: The Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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