Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the stratum basale is essential for epidermal regeneration after a superficial skin injury?

Accepted Answer

It contains stem cells (basal cells) that continuously divide to produce new keratinocytes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish coloration of the skin (cyanosis) after a severe asthma attack. What is the physiological explanation for this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Reduced oxygenation of hemoglobin in the dermal blood vessels.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?

Accepted Answer

Storage of lipids for energy, insulation, and padding.

Question 4

A surgeon plans to make an incision on a patient’s back. To minimize scarring, the incision should be made:

Accepted Answer

Parallel to the tension lines of the skin.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of keratinization in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Keratinocytes fill with keratin, lose their nuclei and organelles, die, and form a tough, protective layer.

Question 6

A child with a vitamin D deficiency develops bowed legs and other bone deformities. Which process is directly impaired in this condition?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the small intestine.

Question 7

Which gland is responsible for producing a watery secretion that cools the body and provides protection from environmental hazards?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

Question 8

A patient with Addison’s disease develops darkened skin. What is the underlying mechanism for this change?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates melanocytes.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why third-degree burns are life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

They destroy the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer, leading to fluid loss, infection, and impaired thermoregulation.

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of melanocytes in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize melanin, which is transferred to keratinocytes to protect against UV radiation.

Question 11

A person with albinism is at increased risk for skin cancer because:

Accepted Answer

They lack melanin, which normally protects DNA from UV radiation.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to make hairs stand up, producing 'goose bumps.'

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of the reticular layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 14

A patient presents with white patches on their skin due to loss of melanocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Vitiligo

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Accepted Answer

It nourishes the epidermis and contains sensory receptors for touch.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the repair of a deep skin wound?

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory phase → Migration phase → Proliferation phase → Scarring phase

Question 17

Which of the following glands is responsible for producing earwax, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland; prevents foreign particles from reaching the eardrum.

Question 18

A person with a pituitary tumor that secretes excess melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) will most likely experience:

Accepted Answer

Darkening of the skin due to increased melanin production.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to overheating in hot weather?

Accepted Answer

Decreased glandular activity and reduced blood supply to the dermis.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about hair growth and texture is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hair texture is determined by the shape of the hair follicle; oval follicles produce curly hair, while round follicles produce straight hair.

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard