Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the integration and command center, interpreting sensory information and issuing instructions

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the white matter of the spinal cord. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Deficits in reflexive reactions and impaired movement

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for producing myelin sheaths in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

During the transmission of a nerve impulse, what is the primary effect of sodium ion influx on the neuron's membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It causes depolarization, changing the membrane potential from $$-60\ \mathrm{mV} to$$ $$+40\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why myelinated nerve fibers conduct impulses more rapidly than unmyelinated fibers?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow for saltatory conduction, where impulses jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 6

A reflex arc that involves only two neurons is most likely to be found in which of the following examples?

Accepted Answer

Patellar (knee-jerk) reflex

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Produce myelin sheaths

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the motor (efferent) nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls skeletal muscles; autonomic controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They dispose of debris and monitor neuron health as phagocytes

Question 10

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite, found in the retina of the eye, is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, calcium channels open, neurotransmitter is released, neurotransmitter binds to receptors

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Carrying information from sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' response of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron will only fire if the stimulus is strong enough to reach threshold; otherwise, it will not fire at all

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a three-neuron reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 17

A patient presents with muscle weakness and tingling after a spinal cord injury. Which type of nervous tissue is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between nuclei and ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS; ganglia are in the PNS

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It automatically regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 20

Which of the following is a property of neurons that allows them to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a nerve impulse?

Accepted Answer

Irritability

Chapter 7: The Nervous System – Structured Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica