Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the pampiniform venous plexus in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a countercurrent heat exchanger to cool arterial blood entering the testes.

Question 2

During spermatogenesis, which cell type is the first to become haploid ($$n) $$after meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Secondary spermatocyte

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 4

A patient presents with a deficiency in Sertoli (sustentacular) cell function. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Disruption of the blood-testis barrier, leading to autoimmune attack on developing sperm

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature approximately $$3^{\circ}C$ lower than core body temperature, which is optimal for spermatogenesis

Question 6

Which structure in the female reproductive system is responsible for producing the majority of estrogen during the follicular phase?

Accepted Answer

Granulosa cells of the developing follicle

Question 7

A vasectomy is considered an effective form of birth control because it:

Accepted Answer

Prevents sperm from entering the urethra by cutting the ductus (vas) deferens

Question 8

Which phase of the uterine cycle corresponds with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Secretory phase

Question 9

Which of the following events occurs only if fertilization takes place in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Completion of meiosis II by the secondary oocyte

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of prostaglandins in semen?

Accepted Answer

Stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus to facilitate sperm movement

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the genetic outcome of meiosis in human gametogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically unique due to crossing over and independent assortment

Question 12

A mutation in the SRY gene on the Y chromosome would most likely result in which developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

Development of female internal and external genitalia despite the presence of a Y chromosome

Question 13

Which of the following is a secondary sex characteristic induced by testosterone in males?

Accepted Answer

Deepening of the voice due to laryngeal growth

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the blood-testis barrier is essential for male fertility?

Accepted Answer

It prevents immune cells from attacking genetically unique sperm cells formed after puberty.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in oogenesis from fetal development to ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Oogonium → Primary oocyte (arrested in prophase I) → Secondary oocyte (arrested in metaphase II) → Ovulation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

It secretes progesterone and estrogen to maintain the endometrium for possible implantation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

First pregnancy late in life

Question 18

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is most commonly associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 19

Which ligament is primarily responsible for anchoring the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall?

Accepted Answer

Suspensory ligament

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of menopause on the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Cessation of ovulation and atrophy of reproductive organs due to decreased estrogen

Comprehensive Study Notes: The Reproductive System (Anatomy & Physiology)

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