Question 1

Which structure is depicted in the first image, and what is its primary function during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Zona pellucida; it prevents polyspermy by blocking additional sperm after fertilization.

Question 2

During fertilization, the sperm must penetrate which two layers surrounding the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Corona radiata and zona pellucida

Question 3

What is the significance of the acrosome reaction during fertilization?

Accepted Answer

It releases enzymes that digest the zona pellucida, allowing sperm to reach the oocyte membrane.

Question 4

Which event marks the completion of meiosis II in the oocyte?

Accepted Answer

Fusion of the sperm and oocyte membranes

Question 5

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes its first cleavage division. What is the result of this division?

Accepted Answer

Formation of two blastomeres

Question 6

Which extra-embryonic membrane is primarily responsible for blood cell formation during early development?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Question 7

What is the main function of the placenta during fetal development?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates diffusion between maternal and fetal circulation

Question 8

Which hormone released by the placenta helps maintain the corpus luteum and promotes progesterone production?

Accepted Answer

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 9

During fetal circulation, which structure allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit?

Accepted Answer

Foramen ovale

Question 10

Which stage of labor is characterized by maximum intensity of uterine contractions and full dilation of the cervix?

Accepted Answer

Expulsion stage

Question 11

If implantation occurs outside the uterus, what is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 12

Which layer of the embryonic disc will eventually form the skin and nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm

Question 13

What is the correct sequence of ovarian follicle development prior to ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Primordial → primary → secondary → tertiary

Question 14

Which structure forms the fluid-filled cavity within the blastocyst?

Accepted Answer

Blastocoele

Question 15

During the first trimester, what process converts the bilayered embryonic disc into a trilayered disc?

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation

Question 16

Which fetal vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Umbilical vein

Question 17

What is the primary role of relaxin during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Increases pubic symphysis flexibility and dilates the cervix

Question 18

Which event occurs during the placental stage of labor?

Accepted Answer

The placenta detaches from the endometrium and is ejected

Question 19

Which structure in fetal circulation becomes the ligamentum arteriosum in adults?

Accepted Answer

Ductus arteriosus

Question 20

If a mutation prevents the formation of the inner cell mass in a blastocyst, which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

The embryo will not develop, as the inner cell mass forms the embryo.

Development and Inheritance: Key Concepts in Human Embryology

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