Question 1

Which layer of the alimentary canal is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption and protection from infection?

Accepted Answer

Mucosa

Question 2

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, which of the following best describes the physiological response?

Accepted Answer

Sight, smell, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions

Question 3

Which cell type in the stomach produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Question 4

A patient with a deficiency in intrinsic factor is most likely to develop which condition?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Question 5

Which process is responsible for moving food along the GI tract by rhythmic contractions?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Question 6

The liver receives nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract via which vessel?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic portal vein

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of bile salts?

Accepted Answer

Emulsify lipids in the chyme

Question 8

If a patient has gallstones, which of the following is most likely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Bile flow from the gallbladder

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for the initial digestion of starch in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 10

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Formation, storage, and elimination of feces

Question 11

Which structure prevents food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Uvula

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why lipids are absorbed differently than other nutrients in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are absorbed by lacteals and enter the lymphatic system first

Question 13

A patient with Helicobacter pylori infection is at increased risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Stomach ulcers

Question 14

Which equation best represents the alkaline tide that occurs after a meal?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{CO_2$ + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + $$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls peristalsis and local digestive reflexes

Question 16

Which structure is responsible for mixing and churning food in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Oblique layer of muscularis externa

Question 17

Which of the following best describes segmentation in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Local contractions that mix chyme and increase contact with mucosa

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the mucosal barrier of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of tight junctions, bicarbonate-rich mucus, and rapid cell turnover

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the passage of bile from the liver to the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Common hepatic duct → Cystic duct → Bile duct

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of Paneth cells in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Secrete enzymes that fight infection

Digestive System: Structure and Function Study Guide

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