Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Integrates and interprets sensory input and dictates motor output.

Question 2

A patient presents with a loss of myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for cleaning up leaked potassium ions and recycling neurotransmitters in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axons transmit impulses away from the cell body.

Question 5

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse transmission and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$, where $$v is $$speed, $$d is $$distance, and $$t is $$time$

Question 6

Which neuron type is most commonly found in the retina and olfactory mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 7

A virus uses retrograde axonal transport to reach the neuron cell body. Which direction does this transport occur?

Accepted Answer

From the axon terminal toward the cell body

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Monitor neurons and phagocytize microorganisms and debris

Question 9

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for conscious control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions during rest

Question 11

Which cell type is vital to the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Ability to divide frequently throughout life

Question 13

Which equation would you use to calculate the electrical resistance of a neuron’s axon?

Accepted Answer

$$R = \frac{V}{I}$$, where $$R is $$resistance, $$V is $$voltage, and $$I is $$current$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Line cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities and circulate CSF

Question 15

Which neuron type conducts impulses along afferent pathways to the CNS for interpretation?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Question 16

A patient is unable to consciously move their skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about myelination in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells wrap around axons in a jelly roll fashion.

Question 18

Which of the following is a major function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Shuttle signals through CNS pathways and integrate sensory input or motor output

Question 19

Which equation would best represent the calculation of the membrane potential during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = V_{in} - V_{out}$$, where $$V_m is $$membrane potential, $$V_{in} is $$intracellular voltage, and $$V_{out} is $$extracellular voltage$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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