Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates and interprets sensory input and dictates motor responses.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, which involves the destruction of myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the direction of impulse transmission in a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

Axons carry impulses away from the cell body.

Question 4

A fly lands on your arm, activating sensory neurons. Which term best describes the direction of this sensory input?

Accepted Answer

Afferent

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron is a cell that carries an electrical impulse, and a nerve is a collection of many neurons.

Question 6

Which connective tissue layer surrounds a fascicle of nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Perineurium

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Transferring glucose from capillaries to neurons

Question 8

A patient presents with stabbing facial pain due to degeneration of satellite cells. What is the most likely consequence of this degeneration?

Accepted Answer

Information crossover between neurons in a ganglion, leading to abnormal pain sensation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

They form the myelin sheath around axons, allowing for faster conduction of nerve impulses.

Question 10

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the CNS and is responsible for processing sensory input and activating motor output?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 11

A patient has a loss of sensation in the skin but normal muscle function. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neuron

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

The synaptic cleft is the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as macrophages, engulfing pathogens and debris.

Question 14

Which of the following structures is NOT included in the visceral division of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a collection of axons in the PNS, while a tract is a collection of axons in the CNS.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse conduction ($$v) $$and the presence of myelin?

Accepted Answer

$$v_{myelinated} \u003e v_{unmyelinated}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of demyelination in diseases such as multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Development of motor and sensory problems over time

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They line the ventricles and central canal, aiding in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common type of synapse in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Axodendritic synapse

Question 20

A patient has a disorder affecting only the motor neurons of the PNS. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Impaired voluntary muscle movement

Fundamentals of the Nervous System: Structure and Function

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