Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered an innate defense of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

IgG antibodies

Question 2

A 25-year-old woman presents with burning urination, frequent urge to urinate, and cloudy urine. Which organism is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why women are at higher risk for urinary tract infections than men?

Accepted Answer

The female urethra is shorter and closer to the anus

Question 4

Which organism is the primary biota of the vagina during the childbearing years?

Accepted Answer

Lactobacillus

Question 5

A patient presents with a painless ulcer on the genitals that heals spontaneously in 3 to 6 weeks. Which stage of syphilis is this most consistent with?

Accepted Answer

Primary syphilis

Question 6

Which of the following is a major virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that allows it to evade the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Antigenic variation of fimbriae

Question 7

A 30-year-old man develops a sudden high fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches after swimming in a lake. Which organism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Leptospira interrogans

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common reportable infectious disease in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Question 9

A Pap smear reveals clue cells covered with adherent bacteria. The patient reports a fishy-smelling vaginal discharge. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 10

Which of the following statements about human papillomavirus (HPV) is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

HPV can cause both genital warts and cervical cancer

Question 11

A newborn develops conjunctivitis shortly after birth. The mother was not screened for sexually transmitted infections. Which two organisms are most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 12

Which of the following is a key difference between vaginitis and vaginosis?

Accepted Answer

Vaginitis involves significant inflammation, while vaginosis does not

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the infectious stage of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

Elementary body

Question 14

A patient presents with a red-brown rash on the trunk and extremities, fever, and sore throat. Which stage of syphilis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Secondary syphilis

Question 15

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to prevent neonatal group B Streptococcus infection?

Accepted Answer

Administering antibiotics to all pregnant women during labor

Question 16

Which of the following is a common complication of untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Accepted Answer

Infertility

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why repeated Chlamydia infections increase the risk of infertility?

Accepted Answer

Repair after inflammation leads to scarring of the fallopian tubes

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Skin rash

Question 19

Which of the following is a key reason why herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections can recur after initial infection?

Accepted Answer

HSV becomes latent in nerve cells

Question 20

Infection with which of the following can increase the chances of infection with HIV?

Accepted Answer

Treponema pallidum and herpes simplex 1 and 2

Infectious Diseases Affecting the Genitourinary System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology

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