Question 1

Which structure in the small intestine is primarily responsible for increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption?

Accepted Answer

Intestinal villi

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of brush border enzymes. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Final digestion of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of bile salts produced by the liver?

Accepted Answer

They emulsify lipids to aid in fat digestion

Question 4

In the hepatic blood flow pathway, which vessel directly receives blood from the central vein?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic vein

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the Kupffer cells in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis of pathogens and debris

Question 6

A patient with a blocked common bile duct would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired fat digestion and absorption

Question 7

Which phase of digestive regulation is primarily triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food?

Accepted Answer

Cephalic phase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the enteric nervous system in digestion?

Accepted Answer

It independently regulates local digestive activity through networks like the myenteric and submucosal plexuses

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to fats in the small intestine and stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 10

A patient has a deficiency in pancreatic amylase. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of carbohydrates

Question 11

Which of the following correctly traces the path of blood from the liver to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Central vein → Hepatic vein → Inferior vena cava → Right atrium

Question 12

Which vitamin is primarily absorbed in the large intestine due to bacterial activity?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Question 13

If the ileocecal valve fails to function properly, which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Backflow of fecal material into the small intestine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the role of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice?

Accepted Answer

It neutralizes acidic chyme entering the duodenum

Question 15

A patient with liver failure is unable to store certain vitamins and minerals. Which of the following is a likely result?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, and K

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption of water and storage of feces

Question 17

During the intestinal phase of digestion, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Release of hormones that inhibit gastric emptying

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the myenteric plexus in the enteric nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controls motility of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 19

A patient is unable to produce sufficient insulin. Which organ is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the small intestine contains both absorptive and goblet cells?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive cells take up nutrients, while goblet cells secrete mucus to protect and lubricate the lining

Lower Digestive Path: Structure, Function, and Regulation (Module 7: Part 3)

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