Q: Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following glial cells is primarily responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

A patient suffers a traumatic brain injury that impairs the function of ependymal cells. Which of the following consequences is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 3

During the resting membrane potential, which of the following statements is correct regarding ion distribution?

Accepted Answer

K+ concentration is higher inside the cell, Na+ is higher outside

Question 4

Which equation best represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out} : 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 5

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are unidirectional along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents backward propagation

Question 7

Which of the following events occurs first during the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open

Question 8

A neuron is exposed to a neurotransmitter that increases membrane permeability to Cl-. What is the likely effect on the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization and decreased likelihood of action potential

Question 9

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and regulating nutrient exchange

Question 11

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which cell type is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 12

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a biogenic amine and is involved in mood regulation?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

If threshold is reached, an action potential of fixed size is generated

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in magnitude with distance from the stimulus

Question 15

A neuron receives both excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which region integrates these signals to determine whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Axon hillock

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Acting as immune defense and phagocytizing debris

Question 17

During the absolute refractory period, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

No stimulus, regardless of strength, can generate another action potential

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct result of neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Opening of chemically-gated ion channels

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin acts as an insulator, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for terminating neurotransmitter action at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic membrane

Neurophysiology: Structure and Function of Neurons and Neuroglia

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