Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between roots and rami of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Roots are either sensory or motor, while rami are mixed (contain both sensory and motor fibers).

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness and tingling in a horizontal strip of skin across their back. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for innervating the diaphragm and what would be the likely consequence of its damage?

Accepted Answer

Phrenic nerve; impaired breathing

Question 4

Which of the following sensory receptors is best suited for detecting deep pressure and vibration?

Accepted Answer

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles

Question 5

A person is unable to flex their wrist and fingers after an injury to the upper limb. Which nerve of the brachial plexus is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding dermatomes?

Accepted Answer

A dermatome is a segment of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve.

Question 7

Which cranial nerves are primarily sensory in function? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

CN I, II, and VIII

Question 8

A patient with shingles experiences pain and a rash along a single dermatome. What is the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in sensory neurons

Question 9

Which nerve is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and what region does it primarily supply?

Accepted Answer

Sciatic nerve; most of the lower limb except anterior and medial thigh

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of muscle spindles?

Accepted Answer

Detect changes in muscle length

Question 11

A patient has lost the ability to abduct their arm at the shoulder. Which nerve of the brachial plexus is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of cranial nerve and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

CN VIII – hearing and equilibrium

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the organization of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It is divided into sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) divisions.

Question 14

Which type of sensory receptor is responsible for detecting pain?

Accepted Answer

Nociceptor

Question 15

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot after a knee injury. Which nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Common fibular nerve

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal root ganglion?

Accepted Answer

It contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Question 17

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Femoral nerve; lumbar plexus

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the ventral rami of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Innervate muscles and skin of the anterior and lateral trunk and limbs

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why referred pain occurs, such as appendicitis pain felt in the umbilical area?

Accepted Answer

Visceral sensory fibers converge on the same spinal segments as somatic sensory fibers, leading to misinterpretation of pain location.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of encapsulated nerve endings?

Accepted Answer

They are mechanoreceptors surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.

Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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