Question 1

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume of its container is halved, assuming temperature remains constant?

Accepted Answer

The pressure doubles.

Question 2

During inspiration, which of the following best describes the movement of air and the pressure changes in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Air flows into the lungs because intrapulmonary pressure drops below atmospheric pressure.

Question 3

A patient suffers a stab wound that introduces air into the pleural cavity. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The lung on the affected side will collapse due to loss of negative intrapleural pressure.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why alveolar air has a lower partial pressure of oxygen ($$P_{O_2$}) $$than atmospheric air?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar air is humidified and mixes with residual air, reducing $$P_{O_2$}.$$

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow H_2CO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + HCO_3^-$$

Question 6

A climber at high altitude experiences hypoxemia. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Reduced atmospheric $$P_{O_2$}$$ leads to a smaller pressure gradient for oxygen diffusion into the blood.

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hypoventilation leading to increased $$CO_2$$ retention.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Bohr effect?

Accepted Answer

Increased $$CO_2$$ and decreased pH in tissues promote oxygen release from hemoglobin.

Question 9

A patient with emphysema has difficulty with gas exchange because:

Accepted Answer

Alveolar walls are destroyed, reducing surface area for diffusion.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most significant cause of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking.

Question 11

A diver surfaces too quickly and develops joint pain and dizziness. What is the physiological cause of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles in the blood and tissues due to rapid decompression.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased temperature on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Accepted Answer

The curve shifts to the right, promoting oxygen release to tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Bound to plasma proteins.

Question 14

A patient presents with cyanosis and confusion after using a faulty heater. Which gas is most likely responsible, and why is it dangerous?

Accepted Answer

Carbon monoxide; it binds hemoglobin with higher affinity than oxygen, preventing oxygen transport.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why restrictive lung disorders decrease vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

They reduce lung compliance, making expansion more difficult.

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship described by Boyle’s Law?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1 V_1 = P_2 V_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result in hypoxemic hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

High altitude exposure.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of hypoventilation on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

It causes respiratory acidosis by increasing $$CO_2$$ and $$H^+$$ concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic finding in chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Excess mucus production and immobilized cilia.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be dangerous if not carefully controlled?

Accepted Answer

High oxygen concentrations at increased pressure can generate free radicals, damaging tissues.

Respiratory System: Pressure, Gas Exchange, and Disorders

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