Question 1

Which bone of the pectoral girdle is the only one that directly attaches to the axial skeleton, and what is a major clinical risk if it fractures posteriorly?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle; risk of damaging the subclavian artery

Question 2

The glenoid fossa of the scapula is described as shallow. What is the functional consequence of this anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

It allows for a wide range of movement but decreases joint stability.

Question 3

A patient presents with an inability to extend their elbow after a fall. Imaging reveals a fracture at the olecranon. Which bone is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Ulna

Question 4

Which of the following correctly lists the bones that form the wrist joint?

Accepted Answer

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

Question 5

If a person fractures the anatomical neck of the humerus, which articulation is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Articulation with the scapula at the glenoid cavity

Question 6

Which structure prevents hyperextension of the elbow joint?

Accepted Answer

Olecranon process of the ulna

Question 7

A patient has difficulty abducting their arm at the shoulder. Which anatomical feature is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Acromioclavicular joint

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between the male and female pelvis?

Accepted Answer

The female pelvis is adapted for childbearing, with a wider and more shallow cavity.

Question 9

Which bone of the lower limb bears the majority of the body’s weight and articulates with the femur?

Accepted Answer

Tibia

Question 10

A child falls and lands on their outstretched hand, fracturing the most commonly broken carpal bone. Which bone is this?

Accepted Answer

Scaphoid

Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of phalanges in the hand?

Accepted Answer

The thumb has two phalanges; other fingers have three.

Question 12

Which ligamentous structure connects the radius and ulna along their entire length?

Accepted Answer

Interosseous membrane

Question 13

A patient presents with a fracture at the base of the first metatarsal. Which part of the foot is affected?

Accepted Answer

The ball of the foot

Question 14

Which tarsal bone articulates directly with the tibia to form the ankle joint?

Accepted Answer

Talus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the pelvic girdle is less mobile but more stable than the pectoral girdle?

Accepted Answer

The pelvic girdle is attached to the axial skeleton by strong ligaments and transmits body weight to the lower limbs.

Question 16

Which of the following is a developmental change in the skeleton associated with old age?

Accepted Answer

Costal cartilages ossify, leading to a more rigid thorax.

Question 17

A patient has a fracture at the surgical neck of the humerus. Which nerve is most at risk of injury in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Axillary nerve

Question 18

Which of the following bones does NOT participate in forming the acetabulum?

Accepted Answer

Sacrum

Question 19

Which arch of the foot is primarily responsible for absorbing the majority of body weight during standing?

Accepted Answer

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 20

A newborn is examined and found to have fontanelles in the skull. What is the functional significance of these structures?

Accepted Answer

They allow for rapid brain growth and facilitate passage through the birth canal.

The Appendicular Skeleton: Structure and Function

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