Question 1

Refer to the first image. Which division of the skeleton is highlighted in blue, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Axial skeleton; supports and protects organs of the head, neck, and trunk

Question 2

In the second image, the large opening at the base of the skull is visible. What is the name of this opening, and what structure passes through it?

Accepted Answer

Foramen magnum; spinal cord

Question 3

The third image shows a sagittal section of the skull and brain. Which cranial fossa houses the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Posterior cranial fossa

Question 4

In the fourth image, which colored bone forms the forehead and the superior part of the orbits?

Accepted Answer

Frontal bone

Question 5

The fifth image shows a lateral view of a real human skull. Which suture separates the parietal bone from the occipital bone?

Accepted Answer

Lambdoid suture

Question 6

Refer to the sixth image. Which bone is colored brown and forms the lower jaw, and what is its unique feature among skull bones?

Accepted Answer

Mandible; only movable bone of the skull

Question 7

In the seventh image, which opening in the skull allows passage of the supraorbital nerve and artery?

Accepted Answer

Supraorbital foramen

Question 8

The eighth image shows the posterior view of the skull. Which structure is indicated by the prominent bump at the midline of the occipital bone?

Accepted Answer

External occipital protuberance

Question 9

In the ninth image, which bone forms the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate?

Accepted Answer

Maxilla (palatine process)

Question 10

The tenth image shows the temporal bone. Which part of the temporal bone forms the zygomatic arch and articulates with the mandible?

Accepted Answer

Squamous part

Question 11

Refer to the eleventh image. Which bone is considered the 'keystone' of the cranium and why?

Accepted Answer

Sphenoid bone; it articulates with all other cranial bones

Question 12

In the twelfth image, which process of the sphenoid bone serves as an attachment site for muscles involved in chewing?

Accepted Answer

Pterygoid process

Question 13

The thirteenth image shows a midsagittal section of the skull. Which structure forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

Accepted Answer

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 14

In the fourteenth image, which bone is shown in the center and contains the cribriform plate?

Accepted Answer

Ethmoid bone

Question 15

The fifteenth image shows the paranasal sinuses. Which sinus is the largest and located within the maxilla?

Accepted Answer

Maxillary sinus

Question 16

In the sixteenth image, which bone forms the movable base for the tongue and does not articulate with any other bone?

Accepted Answer

Hyoid bone

Question 17

The seventeenth image shows the vertebral column. Which region is highlighted in blue and how many vertebrae does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Cervical region; 7 vertebrae

Question 18

In the eighteenth image, which structure acts as a shock absorber between vertebrae and what is its gelatinous core called?

Accepted Answer

Intervertebral disc; nucleus pulposus

Question 19

The nineteenth image shows a typical cervical vertebra. Which feature is unique to cervical vertebrae and allows passage of the vertebral artery?

Accepted Answer

Transverse foramen

Question 20

In the twentieth image, which vertebra is known as the 'atlas' and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

C1; supports the skull and allows nodding 'yes'

The Axial Skeleton: Structure and Function

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