$$Water: \text{Low solute concentration} \rightarrow \text{High solute concentration}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing ATP, and what is the main process called?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Question 4

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a genetic mutation affecting which organelle, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; accumulation of undigested glycolipids

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass directly between cells.

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and alcohol

Question 9

A cell engulfs a bacterium by extending pseudopods around it. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, non-polar molecule.

Question 11

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$Water: 	ext{Low solute concentration} ightarrow 	ext{High solute concentration}$$

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Forming the phospholipid bilayer

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. What can you conclude about the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic to the cell.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

Question 16

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anchor cells together to resist mechanical stress

Question 19

Which of the following processes is used by cells to secrete hormones into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 20

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for forming the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

The Cell: Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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