Question 1

Which functional group is present in both alcohols and carbohydrates, and is responsible for making these molecules hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($$-OH)$$

Question 2

A dehydration reaction is used to build polymers from monomers. Which of the following best describes what happens during this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is removed to form a bond between monomers.

Question 3

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and is composed entirely of glucose monomers?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 4

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds, causing kinks in the chain.

Question 5

Which functional group is found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-NH_2$)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why proteins can lose their function when exposed to extreme heat or pH changes?

Accepted Answer

The protein undergoes denaturation, losing its three-dimensional shape.

Question 7

Which level of protein structure is directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 8

A mutation in DNA that results in the insertion of a single nucleotide can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A change in the reading frame, leading to a nonfunctional polypeptide.

Question 9

Which of the following is a major component of cell membranes, forming a bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 10

Which molecule is the universal monomer for nucleic acids, and what are its three components?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide; phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of tumor suppressor genes such as p53?

Accepted Answer

Inactivate carcinogens and aid in DNA repair

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule is added to break a polymer into monomers.

Question 13

Which of the following is a storage polysaccharide found in animals and is hydrolyzed when glucose is needed?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of two polynucleotide strands forming a double helix.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world consequence of consuming high levels of saturated and trans fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of atherosclerosis due to higher cholesterol levels.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why cotton towels are hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

They are made of cellulose, a polysaccharide with many hydroxyl groups.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of a mutation that deletes a nucleotide from a gene?

Accepted Answer

It alters the reading frame, potentially producing a nonfunctional protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of anabolic steroids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are used to treat certain diseases and can build muscle and bone mass.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, speeding up dehydration and hydrolysis.

The Chemical Level of Organization: Molecules of Cells

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica