Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream for widespread, slower effects, while the nervous system uses neurotransmitters for rapid, localized responses.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary endocrine organ?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 3

Amino acid-based hormones and steroid hormones differ in their chemical structure. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, while amino acid-based hormones are made from chains or modified amino acids.

Question 4

Which type of hormonal stimulation is illustrated when the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine in response to sympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Neural stimulation

Question 5

Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to regulate hormone secretion in the body?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 6

A patient with low blood calcium levels is found to have underactive chief cells in the parathyroid gland. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the master control center, producing regulatory hormones that control the anterior pituitary and producing hormones stored in the posterior pituitary.

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by pancreatic alpha cells and increases blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 10

A patient presents with bulging eyes, high metabolic rate, and is diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Graves’ disease

Question 11

Which region of the adrenal cortex is responsible for secreting aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during nursing?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the pineal gland?

Accepted Answer

Secretes melatonin to regulate circadian rhythms

Question 14

A patient with Addison’s disease would most likely exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain due to hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Question 15

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and functions to decrease blood volume?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the negative feedback regulation of blood glucose after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Blood glucose rises → pancreas releases insulin → cells take up glucose → blood glucose returns to normal

Question 17

Which hormone is produced by the thymus and is essential for T-lymphocyte maturation?

Accepted Answer

Thymopoietin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of somatostatin secreted by pancreatic delta cells?

Accepted Answer

Slows the release of insulin and glucagon and slows nutrient entry into the bloodstream

Question 19

Which of the following is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 20

A patient with diabetes insipidus is most likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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