Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of macrophages in the immune response, as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

They ingest and digest bacteria through phagocytosis.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a first line of defense against pathogens as depicted in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis by neutrophils

Question 3

According to the third image, which cell type is responsible for linking the innate and adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 4

What is the primary function of the phagosome formed during phagocytosis, as shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

To digest and break down engulfed bacteria

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the innate immune response is correct, based on the fifth image?

Accepted Answer

It is rapid, nonspecific, and does not generate memory.

Question 6

Based on the sixth image, which of the following is a key structural difference between bacteria and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are cells with a cell wall, viruses are not cells and have a protein capsid.

Question 7

Which structure is unique to bacteria and not found in viruses, as shown in the seventh image?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 8

In the eighth image, what is the function of the capsid in a virus?

Accepted Answer

To protect the viral nucleic acid

Question 9

Which step in the viral replication cycle, as shown in the ninth image, involves the assembly of new virus particles?

Accepted Answer

Self-assembly of new viral macromolecules

Question 10

According to the tenth image, which process allows viruses to produce new virions inside a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Biosynthesis of viral DNA and proteins

Question 11

Which cell type, shown in the eleventh image, is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cell

Question 12

In the twelfth image, which region of the antibody is responsible for binding to antigens?

Accepted Answer

Fab region

Question 13

Based on the thirteenth image, where do T lymphocytes mature?

Accepted Answer

Thymus gland

Question 14

Which organ, shown in the fourteenth image, is essential for the maturation of T cells?

Accepted Answer

Thymus gland

Question 15

According to the fifteenth image, which lymphoid tissue is considered secondary?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 16

What is the function of the one-way opening in lymphatic capillaries, as shown in the sixteenth image?

Accepted Answer

To permit interstitial fluid to enter but not exit the lymphatic capillary

Question 17

During embryonic development, as shown in the seventeenth image, what happens to lymphocytes that recognize self-antigen?

Accepted Answer

They die by apoptosis

Question 18

Which cell type, shown in the eighteenth image, is primarily responsible for the rapid response to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 19

What is the role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on phagocytes, as shown in the nineteenth image?

Accepted Answer

To recognize and bind to common pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Question 20

According to the twentieth image, what is the effect of coating microbes with C3b protein?

Accepted Answer

It enhances phagocytosis by acting as an opsonin

The Immune System: Structure, Function, and Responses

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