Question 1

Which of the following best describes the secretion mechanism of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

They release their product by rupturing the entire cell, a process known as holocrine secretion.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and has blisters. Which degree of burn is most likely present, and which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn; both the epidermis and part of the dermis are affected.

Question 3

Which gland is primarily responsible for thermoregulation and is most abundant on the palms, soles, and forehead?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerumen (earwax)?

Accepted Answer

Enhances tactile sensitivity of the ear canal

Question 5

The arrector pili muscle is responsible for which of the following phenomena?

Accepted Answer

Piloerection (goose bumps)

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why nails are typically clear and not pigmented?

Accepted Answer

Melanocytes are present in the nail matrix but usually do not produce melanin.

Question 7

A 25-year-old male develops acne on his face and upper back. Which gland is most likely involved in the pathogenesis of his condition?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland

Question 8

Which of the following statements about apocrine sweat glands is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a viscous fluid into hair follicles, and their activity increases at puberty.

Question 9

Which structure provides nutrients and growth signals to the hair matrix?

Accepted Answer

Hair papilla

Question 10

A patient with a third-degree burn is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Fluid loss, infection, and toxic effects of eschar

Question 11

Which of the following is a modified apocrine gland found in the external auditory canal?

Accepted Answer

Ceruminous gland

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the root hair plexus?

Accepted Answer

Detects hair movement and acts as a sensory receptor

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of gland and its secretion mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous gland – holocrine secretion

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of hair in humans?

Accepted Answer

Insulation and protection from physical trauma

Question 15

A woman develops a suspicious pigmented lesion on her arm. Which type of skin cancer is most likely to arise from melanocytes and is considered the deadliest?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why mammary glands can produce both lipid and protein components in milk?

Accepted Answer

They use both apocrine and merocrine secretion mechanisms.

Question 17

Which of the following is a clinical indicator that can be observed in the nails and may reflect systemic health issues?

Accepted Answer

Changes in nail color or texture

Question 18

Which of the following equations would you use to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns in an adult patient?

Accepted Answer

$$TBSA = 	ext{Rule of Nines calculation}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of myoepithelial cells in sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

They contract to help expel sweat from the gland to the skin surface.

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine glands secrete into hair follicles and produce a viscous, protein-rich fluid.

The Integumentary System: Accessory Organs and Clinical Applications

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