Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle in the hair follicle?

Accepted Answer

It contracts to pull the hair follicle upright, causing goosebumps.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, swollen, and painful, but does not blister. Which type of burn does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

First-degree burn

Question 3

Which layer of the hair shaft is most responsible for providing strength and preventing matting of hair?

Accepted Answer

Cuticle

Question 4

A woman develops excessive facial hair and other masculine characteristics. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Excessive androgen secretion from an adrenal or ovarian tumor

Question 5

Which of the following substances can pass through the skin due to its lipid solubility?

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin D

Question 6

A patient has a pigmented skin lesion with asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colors, and a diameter of 7 mm. According to the ABCD rule, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the skin that involves the conversion of cholesterol molecules when exposed to sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic function (synthesis of vitamin D)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the skin acts as a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

It holds up to 5% of the body’s blood supply, which can be diverted as needed.

Question 9

A patient is exposed to acetone and paint thinner without gloves. Which of the following is a possible consequence of this exposure?

Accepted Answer

Kidney failure and brain damage due to absorption through the skin

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Langerhans’ cells in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They engulf foreign substances entering the epidermis, acting as part of the immune defense.

Question 11

A man presents with a rapidly growing, scaly lesion on his lower lip. Biopsy reveals it arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why eyebrows do not grow as long as scalp hair?

Accepted Answer

Eyebrow follicles have a shorter active growth phase (3-4 months) compared to scalp follicles (6-10 years).

Question 13

Which of the following is the most immediate threat to a patient with severe burns?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 14

A patient has a third-degree burn on the anterior and posterior surfaces of one lower limb and the anterior trunk. Using the rule of nines, what percentage of the body is burned?

Accepted Answer

$$18\% + 18\% = 36\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of hair growth?

Accepted Answer

Hair follicles alternate between active growth, regressive, and resting phases.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cutaneous sensation function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Meissner’s corpuscles allow us to feel light touch in the dermis.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why hair turns gray or white with age?

Accepted Answer

Decreased melanin production and replacement of melanin by air bubbles in the hair shaft

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with male pattern baldness. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

A delayed action gene that shortens the follicular growth cycle, leading to replacement of terminal hairs with vellus hairs

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the physical barrier function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Glycolipids in the epidermal cells block the diffusion of water and water-soluble substances.

Question 20

A patient with a history of excessive sun exposure presents with a pigmented lesion that is asymmetrical, has irregular borders, and is larger than 6 mm. Which of the following is the most important factor for survival?

Accepted Answer

Early detection and removal of the lesion

The Integumentary System: Structure and Function of Skin and Hair

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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